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1.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 70(4): 263-268, dic. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LIVECS, LILACS | ID: biblio-1247666

ABSTRACT

Mango is the second most commercialized tropical fruit in the world, and Mexico is the major exporter. In terms of mango production, Manila´s variety represents a quarter of the total mangoes production in Mexico. However, the changes that occur on the phenolic compounds during the Manila mango ripening process are unknown. Quantitative analysis of the major phenolic compounds was conducted at different maturity stages, using several spectrophotometric measurements and by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). At the late ripening stage was observed the biggest content in pulp and peel of total phenols (577 and 10547 mg EAG /100 g), flavonoids (95.33 and 537 mg EQ/100 g), and antioxidant capacity by DPPH (25 and 347 mmol TE/100 g). Some bioactive compounds achieve their highest values at optimal consumption ripening. Although they diminish when the fruit reaches a senescence appearance. This is the first study to prove that mangiferin by itself shows a higher correlation in antioxidant capacity compared to other phenolic compounds in mango peel, and this suggest that phenolic compounds may have an important role in the postharvest antioxidant metabolism in Manila mango fruit. On the other hand, the results show that the peel compared to the pulp contains higher amounts of total phenols, flavonoids, gallic acid, mangiferin and antioxidant capacity, so its use as an ingredient in the preparation of functional food products is recommended. More studies are needed to go in-depth in the changes of the content of phytochemicals during the ripening process in the peel and pulp mango, which ones could be caused by the hormones responsible for ripening in the fruit, such as ethylene, and bioavailability of these compounds at different stages of maturation(AU)


El mango es la segunda fruta tropical más comercializada del mundo y México es el principal exportador. En términos de producción de mango, la variedad Manila representa una cuarta parte de la producción total de mangos en México. Sin embargo, se desconocen los cambios que ocurren en los compuestos fenólicos durante el proceso de maduración del mango Manila. El análisis cuantitativo de los principales compuestos fenólicos se realizó en diferentes etapas de madurez, utilizando varias medidas espectrofotométricas y mediante cromatografía líquida de alta resolución (HPLC). En la etapa de madurez tardía se observó el mayor contenido en pulpa y cáscara de fenoles totales (577 y 10547 mg EAG / 100 g), flavonoides (95.33 y 537 mg EQ / 100 g) y capacidad antioxidante por DPPH (25 y 347 mmol TE / 100 g). Algunos compuestos bioactivos alcanzan sus valores más altos en el punto de madurez óptima. Aunque disminuyen cuando el fruto adquiere una apariencia de senescencia. Este es el primer estudio que demuestra que la mangiferina por sí misma presenta una alta correlación con la capacidad antioxidante en comparación con otros compuestos fenólicos de la cáscara de mango, y esto sugiere que los compuestos fenólicos pueden tener un papel importante en el metabolismo antioxidante postcosecha en el mango Manila. Por otro lado, los resultados muestran que la cáscara comparada con la pulpa contiene mayores cantidades de fenoles totales, flavonoides, ácido gálico, mangiferin y capacidad antioxidante por DPPH, por lo que se recomienda su uso como ingrediente en la elaboración de productos alimenticios fucionales. Se necesitan más estudios para profundizar en los cambios del contenido de fitoquímicos durante el proceso de maduración en la cáscara y pulpa del mango, los cuáles podrían ser provocados por las hormonas responsables de la maduración en el fruto, como el etileno, y la biodisponibilidad de estos compuestos en diferentes etapas de maduración(AU)


Subject(s)
Mangifera , Polyphenols/analysis , Antioxidants , Phytochemicals , Fruit
2.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 36(5): 1652-1662, 01-09-2020. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1147849

ABSTRACT

We conducted two experiments to evaluate the growth of mango (Mangifera indica L., CV Coquinho) rootstock in different substrates and determine the optimal concentration of poultry litter amendments to the soil in combination with seeds with or without an endocarp endocarp. The following factors were studied in the first experiment: substrate source: soil, soil + poultry litter (at 25%) and a commercial substrate. In the second experiment, we studied poultry litter amendments at 0% (just soil), 20% and 40%. Both experiments evaluated the presence or absence of the seed endocarp on: plant height, stem diameter (tree base) and leaf count at 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 days after sowing (DAS). After conducting field measurements, we evaluated fresh shoot weight (FW) and then dry shoot weight (DW) after drying at 65°C. No significant differences among the substrate sources or concentrations of poultry litter amendments relative to rootstock development. However, rootstock produced from seeds with no endocarps outperformed all other treatments.


Com o intuito de avaliar o desenvolvimento de porta-enxertos de mangueira (Mangifera indica L.) 'Coquinho', em diferentes fontes de substratos e determinar a concentração ideal de cama de frango na adição ao solo em combinação com a semente na presença ou ausência do endocarpo, foram conduzidos dois experimentos. No primeiro, foram estudados os seguintes fatores: fonte de substrato empregada: solo, solo + cama de frango a 25% e substrato comercial. No segundo, estudou-se a adição de cama de frango ao solo nas seguintes proporções de 0% (apenas solo), 20% e 40%. Ambos em relação à presença ou ausência do endocarpo na semente. As características avaliadas foram: altura de planta, diâmetro do caule na altura do colo e número de folhas e efetuadas aos 60, 75, 90, 105 e 120 dias após a semeadura (DAS). Ao término das mensurações de campo, procedeu-se a pesagem da parte aérea das plantas para obtenção da massa fresca (MF) e posteriormente sua secagem em estufa a 65°C para determinação da massa seca (MS). Os resultados mostraram não haver diferença significativa entre os substratos ou entre as concentrações de cama de frango. Entretanto, os porta-enxertos produzidos a partir de sementes sem a presença do endocarpo demonstraram maior desenvolvimento em relação aos demais com endocarpo.


Subject(s)
Seeds , Soil , Mangifera
3.
Rev. colomb. quím. (Bogotá) ; 48(3): 13-18, sep.-dic. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058423

ABSTRACT

Resumen El presente trabajo describe la caracterización química cuali-cuantitativa y la evaluación antibacteriana de los aceites esenciales (AE) presentes en las hojas de Mangifera indica L., los cuales fueron recolectados en los estados de Mérida (M), Barinas (B), y Portuguesa (P), en la República Bolivariana de Venezuela, empleando la técnica de la hidrodestilación, acoplada a la trampa de Clevenger, obteniéndose 0,1 mL (0,0025%), 1,4 mL (0,035%) y 1,0 mL (0,025%), respectivamente. Los AE se caracterizaron por el método de cromatografía de gases acoplado a espectrometría de masas (CG/EM). Se identificaron 30 compuestos en la muestra recolectada en M, 24 en B y 14 en P, siendo los principales en M: β-selineno (22,56%), α-gurjuneno (14,66%) y β-cariofileno (10 40%); en B: β-cariofileno (36,32%), α-humuleno (22,71%) y a-gurjuneno (21,43%); y en P: β -cariofileno (36,07%), a-gurjuneno (22,55%) y c -humuleno (21,24%). Debido al rendimiento, solo se determinó la actividad antibacteriana en los AE de B y P, por el método de difusión en agar con discos, frente a bacterias de referencia internacional (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 23357 y Pseudomonas aureginosa ATCC 27853). Ambos AE inhibieron el desarrollo de S. aureus y E. faecalis con una concentración inhibitoria mínima de 200 µL/mL y 300 µL/ mL, respectivamente. Este es el primer estudio comparativo y actividad antibacteriana del aceite esencial obtenido de las hojas de M. indica L. de tres regiones de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela.


Abstract The present work describes the qualitative-quantitative chemical characterization of essential oils (EO) present in the leaves of Mangifera indica L. which were collected in the states of Mérida (M), Barinas (B), and Portuguese (P), in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, using the technique of hydrodistillation, coupled to the trap of Clevenger. Volumes of 0.1 mL (0.0025%), 1.4 mL (0.035%) and 1.0 mL (0.025%) were obtained, respectively. The essential oils were characterized by the method of gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). 30 compounds in the sample collected in M, 24 in B and 14inP were identified, being the majority in the M: β -selinene (22,56%), α-gurjunene (14,66%) and β-caryophyllene (10 40%); en B: β-caryophyllene (36,32%), a-humulene (22,71%) and α-gurjunene (21,43%); and in P: β -caryophyllene (36.07%), α-gurjunene (22.55%) and a-humulene (21.24%). Due to the low yield, the antibacterial activity was determined in the EO of B and P, by the agar diffusion method with disks, by various international reference bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 23357, Pseudomonas aureginosa ATCC 27853). Both AE inhibited the development of S. aureus and E. faecalis with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 200 µL/ mL and 300 µL/mL, respectively. This is the first comparative study and antibacterial activity of the essential oil obtained from the leaves of M. indica L. in three regions in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.


Resumo O presente trabalho descreve a caracterização química qualitativa e quantitativa e a avaliação antibacteriana dos óleos essenciais (EA) presentes nas folhas de Mangifera indica L., quais foram coletadas nos estados de Mérida (M), Barinas (B) e Português (P), na República Bolivariana da Venezuela, utilizando a técnica de hidro-destilação, acoplada à armadilha de Clevenger, obtendo 0,1 mL (0,0025%), 1,4 mL (0,035%) e 1,0 mL (0,025%), respectivamente. Os EAs foram caracterizados pelo método de cromatografia gasosa acoplado a espectrometría de massa (GC / MS). Foram identificados trinta compostos na amostra coletada em M, 24 em B e 14 em P, sendo os principais M: β -selineno (22,56%), α-gurjuneno (14,66%) e β -cariofileno (10 40%); em B: β -cariofileno (36,32%), α-humuleno (22,71%) e α-gurjuneno (21,43%); e em P: β -cariofileno (36,07%), a-gurjuneno (22,55%) e α-humuleno (21,24%). Devido ao rendimento, apenas a atividade antibacteriana nos EA de B e P foi determinada, pelo método de difusão em ágar com discos, contra bactérias de referência internacional (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 23357 e Pseudomonas aureginosa ATCC 27853). Ambos os EA inibiram o desenvolvimento de S. aureus e E. faecalis com uma concentração inibitória mínima de 200 µL/mL e 300 µL/mL, respectivamente. Este é o primeiro estudo comparativo e atividade antibacteriana do óleo essencial obtido das folhas de M. indica L. de três regiões da República Bolivariana da Venezuela.

4.
Medisan ; 23(6)nov.-dic. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1506720

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Las enfermedades periodontales son las afecciones más comunes del género humano y se definen como una reacción inmunoinflamatoria crónica del periodonto de protección o de inserción. Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia del extracto acuoso tópico de Mangifera indica L. como colutorio en pacientes con gingivitis crónica edematosa y fibroedematosa. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de intervención terapéutica en 84 pacientes con gingivitis crónica edematosa y fibroedematosa, atendidos en la Clínica Estomatológica Provincial Docente Mártires del Moncada de Santiago de Cuba, desde noviembre de 2014 hasta igual mes de 2015. La muestra se dividió en 2 grupos (de estudio y control) de 42 integrantes cada uno, tratados con extracto acuoso tópico de Mangifera indica L. y con solución acuosa de clorhexidina al 0,2 %, respectivamente. Los pacientes fueron evaluados al inicio, a los 7, a los 14 y a los 21 días de comenzado el tratamiento. Para la recolección de los datos se aplicó una encuesta y se emplearon las pruebas T de Student, la de homogeneidad y la de Ji al cuadrado para la diferencia de muestras, con p<0,05. Resultados: Predominaron el sexo femenino, el grupo etario de 15-19 años y la gingivitis leve. En el grupo control solo 38,0 % había curado a los 7 días de tratamiento. Conclusiones: El extracto acuoso tópico de la corteza de Mangifera indica L, fue efectivo en el tratamiento de los pacientes con gingivitis crónica edematosa y fibroedematosa y se demostró que por sus poderosas acciones ayuda a la rápida recuperación de los tejidos gingivales.


Introduction: Periodontal diseases are the most common affections of mankind and they are defined as a chronic immunoinflamatory reaction of the protection or insertion periodonto. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the topic watery extract Mangifera indica L. as mouthwash in patients with edematous and fibroedematous chronic gingivitis. Methods: A study of therapeutic intervention was carried out in 84 patients with edematous and fibroedematous chronic gingivitis, assisted in Mártires del Moncada Teaching Provincial Stomatologic Clinic in Santiago de Cuba, from November, 2014 to the same month in 2015. The sample was divided in 2 groups (study and control) of 42 members each one, treated with topic watery extract of Mangifera indica L. and with watery solution of chlorhexidine at 0.2 %, respectively. The patients were evaluated at the beginning, at the 7, 14 and 21 days of having begun the treatment. A survey was applied for gathering the data and the Student T test, homogeneity test and the chi square test were used for the difference of samples, with p <0.05. Results: The female sex, 15-19 years age group and mild gingivitis prevailed. In the control group just 38.0 % got better at 7 days of treatment. Conclusions: The topic watery extract of Mangifera indica L. bark, was effective in the treatment of patients with edematous and fibroedematous chronic gingivitis and it was demonstrated that helps to the quick recovery of gingival tissues due to its powerful actions.


Subject(s)
Antioxidants
5.
Medisan ; 23(6)nov.-dic. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1091145

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Las enfermedades periodontales son las afecciones más comunes del género humano y se definen como una reacción inmunoinflamatoria crónica del periodonto de protección o de inserción. Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia del extracto acuoso tópico de Mangifera indica L. como colutorio en pacientes con gingivitis crónica edematosa y fibroedematosa. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de intervención terapéutica en 84 pacientes con gingivitis crónica edematosa y fibroedematosa, atendidos en la Clínica Estomatológica Provincial Docente Mártires del Moncada de Santiago de Cuba, desde noviembre de 2014 hasta igual mes de 2015. La muestra se dividió en 2 grupos (de estudio y control) de 42 integrantes cada uno, tratados con extracto acuoso tópico de Mangifera indica L. y con solución acuosa de clorhexidina al 0,2 %, respectivamente. Los pacientes fueron evaluados al inicio, a los 7, a los 14 y a los 21 días de comenzado el tratamiento. Para la recolección de los datos se aplicó una encuesta y se emplearon las pruebas T de Student, la de homogeneidad y la de Ji al cuadrado para la diferencia de muestras, con p<0,05. Resultados: Predominaron el sexo femenino, el grupo etario de 15-19 años y la gingivitis leve. En el grupo control solo 38,0 % había curado a los 7 días de tratamiento. Conclusiones: El extracto acuoso tópico de la corteza de Mangifera indica L, fue efectivo en el tratamiento de los pacientes con gingivitis crónica edematosa y fibroedematosa y se demostró que por sus poderosas acciones ayuda a la rápida recuperación de los tejidos gingivales.


Introduction: Periodontal diseases are the most common affections of mankind and they are defined as a chronic immunoinflamatory reaction of the protection or insertion periodonto. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the topic watery extract Mangifera indica L. as mouthwash in patients with edematous and fibroedematous chronic gingivitis. Methods: A study of therapeutic intervention was carried out in 84 patients with edematous and fibroedematous chronic gingivitis, assisted in Mártires del Moncada Teaching Provincial Stomatologic Clinic in Santiago de Cuba, from November, 2014 to the same month in 2015. The sample was divided in 2 groups (study and control) of 42 members each one, treated with topic watery extract of Mangifera indica L. and with watery solution of chlorhexidine at 0.2 %, respectively. The patients were evaluated at the beginning, at the 7, 14 and 21 days of having begun the treatment. A survey was applied for gathering the data and the Student T test, homogeneity test and the chi square test were used for the difference of samples, with p <0.05. Results: The female sex, 15-19 years age group and mild gingivitis prevailed. In the control group just 38.0 % got better at 7 days of treatment. Conclusions: The topic watery extract of Mangifera indica L. bark, was effective in the treatment of patients with edematous and fibroedematous chronic gingivitis and it was demonstrated that helps to the quick recovery of gingival tissues due to its powerful actions.


Subject(s)
Periodontal Diseases/therapy , Mangifera , Gingivitis , Antioxidants
6.
Bol. latinoam. Caribe plantas med. aromát ; 18(3): 336-346, mayo 2019. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1008047

ABSTRACT

The chemical composition of Mangifera indica L. cv. "Kent" leaves was determined by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. Polyphenolic compounds characterized as benzophenone derivatives were the main components found in extracts (1, maclurin 3-C-(2-O-galloyl)-D- glucoside isomer; 2, maclurin 3-C---D-glucoside; 3, iriflophenone 3-C---D-glucoside; 5, maclurin 3-C-(2,3-di-O-galloyl)---D-glucoside; 6, iriflophenone 3-C-(2-O-galloyl)---D-glucoside; 7, methyl-iriflophenone 3-C-(2,6-di-O-galloyl)---D-glucoside) and xanthones (4, mangiferin and 8, 6-O-galloyl-mangiferin). The estrogenic and antioxidant effects of aqueous extracts from Mangifera indica L. cv. "Kent" leaves on ovariectomized rats were determined by uterotrophic assay and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in erythrocytes, bone, liver, and stomach. We conclude that the polyphenolic compounds from extracts act as exogenous antioxidant agents against oxidative damage in ovariectomized rats.


La composición química de las hojas de Mangifera indica L. cv. "Kent" se determinó por HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. Compuestos polifenólicos caracterizados como derivados de benzofenona fueron los componentes principales encontrados en los extractos (1, isómero de la maclurina 3-C-(2-O-galoyil)-D-glucósido; 2, maclurina 3-C-ß-D-glucósido; 3, iriflofenona 3-C-ß-D-glucósido; 5, maclurina 3-C-(2,3-di-O-galloíl)-ß-D-glucósido; 6, iriflofenona 3-C-(2-O-galloil)-ß-D-glucósido; 7, metil-iriflofenona 3-C-(2,6-di-O- galloyl)-ß-D-glucósido) y xantonas (4, mangiferina y 8, 6-O-galoyil-mangiferina). Los efectos estrogénicos y antioxidantes de los extractos acuosos de hojas de Mangifera indica L. cv. "Kent" en ratas ovariectomizadas se determinaron mediante ensayo uterotrófico y la medición de los niveles de malondialdehído (MDA) en eritrocitos, huesos, hígado y estómago. Concluimos que los compuestos polifenólicos de los extractos actúan como agentes antioxidantes exógenos contra el daño oxidativo en ratas ovariectomizadas.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Ovariectomy , Mangifera/chemistry , Estrogens/pharmacology , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Stomach/drug effects , Benzophenones/chemistry , Bone and Bones/drug effects , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Reactive Oxygen Species , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization , Ethanol , Tandem Mass Spectrometry , Liver/drug effects , Malondialdehyde , Antioxidants/chemistry
7.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 34(5): 1178-1187, sept./oct. 2018.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-967305

ABSTRACT

The fruit of 'Taquari' have attractive appearance, with intense yellow flesh, pleasant taste and absence of fibers, which makes it a potential material for, after a series of studies, being released as a variety. For biometrics, 50 mature fruit were used the results (average of three samples) were evaluated by descriptive statistics using central trend (average) and variability of data (standard error and coefficient of variation). For the germination test, the seeds were extracted from ripe fruit and dried; subsequently, they were germinated in sachets containing the mixture soil:sand:corral manure (3:1:1) as substrate, evaluating seedling emergence and polyembryony. The design was in randomized blocks and 5 treatments were studied, with 5 replicates each and 10 seeds per replicate. The percentage data were transformed into arc-sen, submitted to analysis of variance and the means, to Tukey test at 5% probability. For fruit quality characterization, 12 ripe fruits were used, separated into 3 lots with 4 fruit, using a completely randomized design. The fruit were characterized regarding firmness, peel and pulp color, soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, ascorbic acid and respiratory rate. We conclude that the 'Taquari' has fruit with interesting characteristics for the Brazilian market and there is a better seedling emergence in the absence of seed coat, but with a greater occurrence of polyembryony. For quality characterization, the fruit present parameters such as soluble solids and titratable acidity similar to the main varieties of mangoes sold in the country, but with emphasis to the high ascorbic acid content detected.


Os frutos da mangueira 'Taquari' têm aparência atrativa, com polpa amarelo intenso, sabor agradável e ausência de fibras, o que a torna um material com grande potencial para futuramente ser lançado como variedade. Com o objetivo de avaliar caracteres fenotípicos relativos emergência, biometria e pós-colheita, do material 'Taquari' este trabalho foi desenvolvido. Para a biometria foram utilizados 50 frutos maduros, os resultados foram avaliados por estatística descritiva, utilizando-se de medida de tendência central (média) e de variabilidade de dados (desvio-padrão). Para o teste de germinação, as sementes foram extraídas de frutos maduros e colocadas para secar, em seguida, foram colocadas para germinar em saquinhos contendo como substrato mistura de solo:areia:esterco de curral curtido (3:1:1), avaliando-se a emergência das plântulas e a poliembrionia. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados e foram estudados 5 tratamentos, com 5 repetições cada e 10 sementes por repetição. Os dados de porcentagem foram transformados em arc-sen, submetidos à análise de variância e as médias ao teste Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Para a caracterização de qualidade dos frutos, utilizaram-se 12 frutos maduros, separadas em 3 lotes com 4 frutos, utilizando delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Os frutos foram caracterizados quanto a firmeza, coloração de casca e polpa, sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, pH, ácido ascórbico e taxa respiratória. Conclui-se que a mangueira 'Taquari' apresenta frutos com características interessantes para o mercado brasileiro e há melhor emergência das plântulas na ausência do tegumento da semente, porém com maior ocorrência de poliembrionia. Para a caracterização de qualidade, os frutos apresentam parâmetros como de sólidos solúveis e acidez titulável similares às principais cultivares de mangas comercializadas no país, porém com destaque para os altos teores de ácido ascórbico encontrados.


Subject(s)
Seeds , Soil , Germination , Mangifera , Seedlings , Manure
8.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 34(1): 1-11, jan./feb. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-966536

ABSTRACT

Mango is quite popular among tropical fruits, and has traits of a fast-expanding market. There is a huge variety of mango cultivars and their potential should be studied in order to be introduced in new producing regions with favourable edaphoclimatic characteristics for planting. The current study aimed to evaluate mango productive performance under subtropical conditions in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The experiment was conducted with 'Espada Vermelha', 'Keitt' and 'Palmer' cultivars grafted onto rootstock 'Espada' over three crop cycles 2012-2013, 2013-2014 and 2014-2015. The experimental design was a randomized complete block, consisting of 3x3 factorial design, in which the first factor corresponds to the cultivars and the second factor to the evaluated crop cycles, with 10 replications and one plant per plot. The following variables were evaluated: number of fruits per panicle, number of fruits per plant, panicles percentage to the full aborted fruits, fruit fresh weight, production, yield, canopy volume, production efficiency and crop seasonality. Data analysis by Tukey test and Pearson´s correlation coefficients. Among the evaluated cultivars, Palmer has stood out with the best productive performance under the experiment conditions in the three evaluated crop cycles. The seasonal availability of cultivars should be explored so that there are fruit productions over a longer period of time. Correlations among productive traits varies according to the cultivar.


A manga é uma das frutas tropicais mais apreciadas e seu mercado está em expansão. Existe uma grande variedade de cultivares de mangueira e seu potencial deve ser estudado, sendo importante a introdução do cultivo desta frutífera em novas regiões produtoras, principalmente em locais que apresentem características edafoclimáticas favoráveis para seu cultivo. Desta forma, objetivou-se com este trabalho, avaliar o desempenho produtivo de três cultivares de mangueira nas condições subtropicais do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. O experimento foi conduzido em três ciclos agrícolas, (2012-2013, 2013-2014 e 2014-2015) com as cultivares Espada Vermelha, Keitt e Palmer enxertadas sobre a cultivar Espada. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com esquema fatorial 3 x 3, em que o primeiro fator corresponde às cultivares e o segundo fator aos ciclos agrícolas avaliados. Utilizaram-se 10 repetições e uma planta por parcela. As seguintes variáveis foram avaliadas: número de frutos por panícula, número de frutos por planta, porcentagem de panículas com abortamento total de frutos, massa fresca do fruto, produção, produtividade, volume da copa, eficiência produtiva e sazonalidade de colheita. Os dados obtidos foram analisados por meio do teste Tukey e correlação de Pearson. Dentre as cultivares avaliadas a Palmer destaca-se com o melhor desempenho produtivo independente do ciclo agrícola avaliado. As correlações entre as características produtivas avaliadas variam conforme a cultivar.


Subject(s)
Seasons , Crop Production , Mangifera
9.
Ciênc. rural ; 46(10): 1689-1694, Oct. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-792541

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: Mango ( Mangifera indica L.) trees stand out among the main fruit trees cultivated in Brazil. The mango rosa fruit is a very popular local variety (landrace), especially because of their superior technological characteristics such as high contents of Vitamin C and soluble solids (SS), as well as attractive taste and color. The objective of this study was to select a breeding population of mango rosa (polyclonal variety; ≥5 individuals) that can simultaneously meet the fresh and processed fruit markets, using the multivariate method of principal components and the biplot graphic. The principal components, biplot graphic, and phenotype correlations were obtained using the R (2012) software. Pulp percentage and the pulp, skin, and seed mass variables can be indirectly selected using the smallest fruit diameter, which allowed an easier measurement. The P23R AREA3, P30R AREA3, and P32R AREA3 genotypes are selection candidates due to the presence of alleles, which are important agro-technological traits for mango breeding. This study showed that the biplot analysis is a valuable tool for decision making and visualization of interrelationships between variables and genotypes, facilitating the mango selection process.


RESUMO: Dentre as principais fruteiras cultivadas no Brasil, destaca-se a mangueira ( Mangifera indica L.). A manga rosa é uma variedade local bastante apreciada, especialmente devido a suas características tecnológicas superiores, tais como alto teor de Vitamina C, conteúdo de sólidos solúveis totais (SS), bem como sabor e cor atraentes. O objetivo deste estudo foi selecionar uma população de melhoramento de manga rosa (variedade policlonal; ≥5 indivíduos) que atenda simultaneamente aos mercados de frutas frescas e processadas, empregando o método multivariado de componentes principais e o gráfico biplot. Os componentes principais, o gráfico biplot e as correlações fenotípicas foram obtidos usando o software R (2012). As variáveis porcentagem de polpa e as massas de polpa, casca e semente podem ser selecionadas indiretamente por meio do diâmetro menor do fruto, que permite uma mensuração mais fácil. Os genótipos P23R ÁREA3, P30R ÁREA3, e P32R ÁREA3 são candidatos à seleção devido à presença de alelos para caracteres agrotecnológicos, que são importantes para o melhoramento da manga. Este estudo mostrou que a análise biplot é uma ferramenta valiosa para a tomada de decisão e visualização das inter-relações entre variáveis e genótipos, facilitando o processo seletivo da manga.

10.
Rev. cuba. plantas med ; 21(3)jul.-set. 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-845104

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la mangiferina es una glucosil xantona natural presente en varias partes de Mangifera indica L. (árbol del mango), que posee gran variedad de efectos farmacológicos. Su aislamiento, a partir de las hojas, es de vital importancia teniendo en cuenta las propiedades farmacológicas que se le atribuyen por sí sola. En Cuba, se ha desarrollado un procedimiento nacional de obtención de mangiferina a partir de hojas de M. indica, empleando un método tradicional en tanque agitado, que incluye una etapa de desengrase, sin embargo continúan los estudios encaminados al uso de métodos no convencionales de extracción como el ultrasonido, teniendo en cuenta la rapidez y eficiencia en la obtención de fitoconstituyentes. Objetivo: evaluar la etapa de extracción de la fracción apolar en el proceso de extracción de mangiferina mediante ultrasonido a partir de hojas de M. indica. Métodos: se trabajó con hojas de M. indica, molidas y almacenadas en bolsas de nylon a temperatura y humedad ambientes. Se evaluó la influencia de los parámetros de operación (tiempo y relación disolvente material vegetal) en la etapa de desengrase, mediante un diseño factorial de superficie de respuesta, utilizando el ultrasonido. Resultados: el mejor valor experimental (29,03 ± 1,10 mg/g) se alcanza para un tiempo de 90 min y una relación volumen de disolvente/ material vegetal de 47 mL/g, empleando n-hexano como disolvente. Conclusiones: el método de ultrasonido es adecuado para la extracción de la fracción apolar en el proceso de obtención de mangiferina a partir de hojas de M. indica(AU)


Introduction: mangiferin is a natural glucosyl xanthone found in several parts of Mangifera indica L. (mango tree) which has a great variety of pharmacological effects. Its isolation from leaves is of great importance, considering the pharmacological properties attributed to it. A national procedure has been developed in Cuba to obtain mangiferin from M. indica leaves using a traditional stirred tank procedure which includes a degreasing stage. However, studies continue to be conducted about the use of unconventional extraction techniques such as ultrasound, due to the speed and efficacy with which phytoconstituents may be obtained. Objective: evaluate the apolar fraction extraction stage of the process of ultrasound extraction of mangiferin from M. indica leaves. Methods: M. indica leaves were ground and stored in plastic bags at ambient temperature and humidity. Operating parameters (time and solvent / plant material ratio) were evaluated at the degreasing stage with a response surface factorial design, using ultrasound. Results: the best experimental value (29.03 ± 1.10 mg/g) is obtained for a time of 90 min and a solvent volume / plant material ratio of 47 ml/g, using n-hexane as solvent. Conclusions: the ultrasound technique is appropriate for apolar fraction extraction of mangiferin from M. indica leaves(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , /therapeutic use , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Cuba
11.
Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz (Online) ; 75: 1-10, 2016. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP, SESSP-ACVSES, SESSP-IALPROD, SES-SP, SESSP-IALACERVO | ID: biblio-982788

ABSTRACT

Este estudo avaliou a capacidade antioxidante e os indicadores físico-químicos de néctares caseirosde laranja, manga e maracujá, mantidos sob refrigeração (5 ± 2 oC) por 24 horas. Os néctaresforam preparados em laboratório e mantidos sob refrigeração, simulando as condições domésticas.As análises foram realizadas após o preparo (T0) e durante o acondicionamento sob refrigeração(1 h, 4 h e 24 h). Os sólidos solúveis, pH e cor foram determinados respectivamente por refratometria,potenciometria e colorimetria. Carotenoides e ácido ascórbico foram analisados por cromatografialíquida de alta eficiência; a concentração de compostos fenólicos foi determinada utilizando-seo reagente de Folin Ciocalteau e a atividade antioxidante pelo teste do DPPH. Ácido ascórbico,β-caroteno e compostos fenólicos foram identificados em todos os néctares. Foram encontradosα-caroteno e β-criptoxantina no néctar de laranja e licopeno no néctar de manga. Durante 24 horasde refrigeração, os compostos analisados e a atividade antioxidante mantiveram-se estáveis. De formageral, os parâmetros físico-químicos também se mantiveram estáveis durante o período avaliado.Em conclusão, sob as condições utilizadas no presente estudo, os néctares não apresentaramalteração da capacidade antioxidante, podendo ser considerados fontes de carotenoides e vitamina C,mesmo se consumidos após 24 horas de preparo.


The objective of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant capacity and the physical-chemicalindicators of homemade nectars of orange, mango and passion fruit, kept under refrigeration(5 ± 2 °C) for 24 hours. The nectars were prepared in laboratory and kept under refrigerationsimulating the domestic conditions. The samples analyses were performed after their preparations(T0) and during the refrigerated storage (1 h, 4 h and 24 h). Soluble solids, pH and color weredetermined by refractometry, colorimetry and potentiometry, respectively. Carotenoids andascorbic acid were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography, the concentrationof phenolic compounds were determined by using Folin Ciocalteau reagent, and the antioxidantactivity by the DPPH test. Ascorbic acid, β-carotene and phenolic compounds were identified inall of the analyzed nectars samples. The α-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin were found in orangenectar and the lycopene in mango nectar samples. During the refrigeration for 24 hours,the analyzed compounds and the antioxidant activity remained stable. In general, thephysical-chemicals parameters also remained stable during the storage for 24 hours. In conclusion,under the conditions used in this study, the nectars might be considered as antioxidant sources,even if consumed after being prepared 24 hours before.


Subject(s)
Humans , Antioxidants , Ascorbic Acid , Carotenoids , Citrus sinensis , Fruit , Mangifera , Passiflora , Phenolic Compounds , Chemical Phenomena , Plant Nectar
12.
Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz ; 75: 01-10, 2016. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1489550

ABSTRACT

Este estudo avaliou a capacidade antioxidante e os indicadores físico-químicos de néctares caseiros de laranja, manga e maracujá, mantidos sob refrigeração (5 ± 2 o C) por 24 horas. Os néctares foram preparados em laboratório e mantidos sob refrigeração, simulando as condições domésticas. As análises foram realizadas após o preparo (T0) e durante o acondicionamento sob refrigeração (1 h, 4 h e 24 h). Os sólidos solúveis, pH e cor foram determinados respectivamente por refratometria, potenciometria e colorimetria. Carotenoides e ácido ascórbico foram analisados por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência; a concentração de compostos fenólicos foi determinada utilizando-se o reagente de Folin Ciocalteau e a atividade antioxidante pelo teste do DPPH. Ácido ascórbico, β-caroteno e compostos fenólicos foram identificados em todos os néctares. Foram encontrados α-caroteno e β-criptoxantina no néctar de laranja e licopeno no néctar de manga. Durante 24 horas de refrigeração, os compostos analisados e a atividade antioxidante mantiveram-se estáveis. De forma geral, os parâmetros físico-químicos também se mantiveram estáveis durante o período avaliado. Em conclusão, sob as condições utilizadas no presente estudo, os néctares não apresentaram alteração da capacidade antioxidante, podendo ser considerados fontes de carotenoides e vitamina C, mesmo se consumidos após 24 horas de preparo.


The objective of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant capacity and the physical-chemical indicators of homemade nectars of orange, mango and passion fruit, kept under refrigeration (5 ± 2 °C) for 24 hours. The nectars were prepared in laboratory and kept under refrigeration simulating the domestic conditions. The samples analyses were performed after their preparations (T0) and during the refrigerated storage (1 h, 4 h and 24 h). Soluble solids, pH and color were determined by refractometry, colorimetry and potentiometry, respectively. Carotenoids and ascorbic acid were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography, the concentration of phenolic compounds were determined by using Folin Ciocalteau reagent, and the antioxidant activity by the DPPH test. Ascorbic acid, β-carotene and phenolic compounds were identified in all of the analyzed nectars samples. The α-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin were found in orange nectar and the lycopene in mango nectar samples. During the refrigeration for 24 hours, the analyzed compounds and the antioxidant activity remained stable. In general, the physical-chemicals parameters also remained stable during the storage for 24 hours. In conclusion, under the conditions used in this study, the nectars might be considered as antioxidant sources, even if consumed after being prepared 24 hours before.


Subject(s)
Antioxidants , Citrus sinensis/chemistry , Mangifera/chemistry , Plant Nectar/analysis , Plant Nectar/chemistry , Passiflora/chemistry , Cooled Foods , Carotenoids , Phenolic Compounds , Ascorbic Acid
13.
Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal ; (24): 1673-1677, 2015.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-859665

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To study the anti-inflammatory active constituents of Mangifera indica L. seed kernel. METHODS: The compounds were isolated by silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and ODS column chromatography.Their structures were elucidated by spectral analyses and physicochemical properties. The anti-inflammatory activities of selected isolated compounds were evaluated as inhibitory activities against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cell lines by Griess reaction. RESULTS: Eight compounds were obtained from n-butanol fraction oi Mangifera indica L. seed kernel, whose structures were elucidated as 4-O-ethylgallic acid (1), gallic acid (2), citric acid(3), 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloylglucose(4),1,3, 6-tri-O-galloylglucose(5), hyperoside(6), quercetin-3-O-rhamnopyranoside(7), and mangiferin(8). Compounds 1, 2 and 4-8 exhibited potent inhibitory effect on NO production in LPS-induced macrophages, especially compounds 6 and 8 showed the best inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 16.5 and 19.5 μmol·L-1, respectively. CONCLUSION: Compounds 1 and 3-8 were obtained from Mangifera indica L.seed kernel for the first time.Compounds 1, 2 and 4-8 are the anti-inflammatory active constituents oi Mangifera indica L.seed kernel.Compounds 6 and 8 are the most potent anti-inflammatory active constituents.

14.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-163285

ABSTRACT

Aims: To study the antimicrobial activities of methanol, acetone and aqueous extracts of Mangifera indica Linn crude leaves on Salmonella and Shigella in order to provide natural therapy against them. Study Design: Salmonella and Shigella isolates were obtained from twenty-five stool samples of hospital patients. Six isolates were identified and characterized. The six isolates were labelled accordingly and used in the study. The antimicrobial activities of the extracts preliminary screened for the presence of phytochemical compounds were tested on the six isolates. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria between October, 2012 and August, 2013. Methodology: The test isolates (Salmonella and Shigella) were isolated from stool samples on Salmonella/Shigella agar and characterized. The phytochemical constituents of the leaves of M. indica were extracted by soaking in water, methanol and acetone. The extracts were investigated for antimicrobial activities on theisolates using the agar well diffusion method. Results: Phytochemical analysis of the leaf extract showed that the extracts contained alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, anthroquinones, reducing sugars, glycosides and phenols. The acetone and methanol extracts exerted the highest zone of inhibition (18.00mm and 15.00mm respectively) though there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the activities of the extracts. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) when compared with that of the water extract. Salmonella was more susceptible to acetone extract than Shigella with a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of 25.00 mg/ml while that on Shigella was 50.00mg/ml. The MIC of the ethanolic extract on Salmonella was 50.00mg/ml while that of Shigella was 100.00mg/ml. Conclusion: The acetone and methanolextracts of the leaves of M. indica had high inhibitory effects on Salmonella and Shigella thus providing a basis for its recommendation in the treatment of diseases caused by these organisms.

15.
Rev. cuba. plantas med ; 19(3): 189-198, jul.-set. 2014.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-735380

ABSTRACT

Introdução: os produtos naturais extraídos de plantas exercem um papel importante no processo de descoberta de fármacos, sejam como modelos estruturais para a síntese de moléculas novas ou pelas suas propriedades farmacológicas. Uma planta medicinal bastante utilizada é a Mangifera indica Linneau pertencente à família Anacardiácea, popularmente conhecida por manga, que é utilizada no tratamento de infecções sem comprovação científica da sua eficiência. Objetivo: avaliar a composição fitoquímica e a atividade antimicrobiana do extrato hidroalcoólico de Mangifera indica L. in vitro pelo método de difusão em disco. Métodos: o extrato bruto foi preparado utilizando droga vegetal das folhas secas com maceração durante 15 dias,na proporção de 30 g para 300 mL de etanol a 95 %. Após filtração, o extrato foi concentrado e seco para obtenção do extrato etanólico bruto. A atividade antimicrobiana foi verificada pelo método de difusão em disco no meio gelosado Müller Hinton, de acordo com a Norma M07-A8. Os testes foram realizados em triplicata e os resultados expressos em milímetro (mm) do diâmetro dos halos de inibição formado ao redor dos discos nas três repetições. Resultados: os resultados mostraram que o extrato hidroalcoólico bruto de Mangifera indica apresentou atividade antimicrobiana in vitro frente à cepa de S. aureus , com concentração inibitória mínima (MIC) de 1,0 µg.disco-1. Entretanto, não apresentou atividade antimicrobiana frente às bactérias Gram-negativas (E. coli, P. aeruginosa e S. typhi). Conclusão: o extrato hidroalcoólico bruto de Mangifera indica L. apresenta atividade antimicrobiana frente ao S. aureus, fornecendo evidência científica e potencial de uso terapêutico.


Introduction: natural products obtained from plants play an important role in the process of discovery of new drugs, either as structural models for the synthesis of new molecules or due to their pharmacological properties. A widely used medicinal plant is Mangifera indica Linneau, of the family Anacardiaceae. Popularly known as 'mango', it is used to treat infection, though its effect has not been scientifically validated. Objective: evaluate the phytochemical composition and antimicrobial activity in vitro of the hydroalcoholic extract from Mangifera indica L. using the disk diffusion method. Methods: the crude extract was prepared from dry leaves macerated for 15 days at a proportion of 30 g to 300 ml of 95 % ethanol. After filtration, the extract was concentrated and dried to obtain the crude ethanol extract. Antimicrobial activity was determined by the disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar medium, in compliance with Standard M07-A8. Tests were performed in triplicate and results were expressed in millimeters (mm). The diameter of inhibition areas around the discs is formed in three replicates. Results: results show that the crude hydroalcoholic extract from M. indica had antimicrobial activity in vitro against the S. aureus strain with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.0 μg.disc-1. No antimicrobial activity was observed against gram-negative bacteria ( E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. typhi). Conclusion: the crude hydroalcoholic extract from Mangifera indica L. displayed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, providing scientific evidence for its potential therapeutic use.


Introducción: los productos naturales a partir de plantas ejercen un papel importante en el proceso de descubrimiento de fármacos, sea como modelos estructurales para la síntesis de nuevas moléculas o por sus propiedades farmacológicas. Una planta medicinal ampliamente utilizada es la Mangifera indica Linneau que pertenece a la familia Anacardiácea, popularmente conocida como manga y es utilizada en el tratamiento de infecciones, sin validación científica de su efecto. Objetivo: evaluar la composición fitoquímica y la actividad antimicrobiana del extracto hidroalcohólico de Mangifera indica L. in vitro por el método de difusión en disco. Métodos: el extracto crudo se preparó usando hojas secas de la planta de maceración vegetal durante 15 días a una proporción de 30 g a 300 ml de etanol al 95 %. Después de la filtración, el extracto se concentró y se secó para obtener el extracto de etanol crudo. La actividad antimicrobiana se determinó por el método de difusión en disco en Müller Hinton en medio gelosado, de acuerdo con la Norma M07-A8. Las pruebas se realizaron por triplicado y los resultados se expresan en milímetros (mm). El diámetro de zonas de inhibición alrededor de los discos se forman en tres repeticiones. Resultados: los resultados mostraron que el extracto hidroalcohólico crudo de M. indica tuvo actividad antimicrobiana in vitro frente a la cepa de S. aureus con una concentración inhibitoria mínima (CIM) de 1,0 μg.disco-1. No presentó actividad antimicrobiana frente a las bacterias Gram-negativas (E. coli, P. aeruginosa y S. typhi). Conclusión: el extracto hidroalcohólico crudo de Mangifera indica L. presentó actividad antimicrobiana frente a Staphylococcus aureus, lo que aporta evidencia científica y su posible uso en la terapéutica.

16.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 29(2): 516-525, mar./apr. 2013. ilus, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-914422

ABSTRACT

O: Antioxidantes presentes em frutas e hortaliças contribuem para a redução de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. A manga (Mangifera indica L.) destaca-se por ser fonte de ácido ascórbico, carotenóides e compostos fenólicos que apresentam grande potencial antioxidante. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar, em ratos Wistar, o efeito da ingestão, por 25 dias, de dietas com 3% e 10% de polpa de manga Ubá liofilizada nos parâmetros bioquímicos séricos, nos marcadores de injúria hepática (aminotransferases e malondialdeído) e na morfologia do fígado. Os parâmetros bioquímicos foram analisados a partir de kits colorimétricos, o teor de malondialdeído obtido por meio do teste de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico e a morfologia hepática analisada a partir de cortes do tecido incluídos em parafina e corados com eosina-hematoxilina. Os resultados demonstraram que a ingestão de dieta com 3 e 10% de polpa de manga não interferiu sobre os parâmetros bioquímicos séricos. A análise do marcador de peroxidação lipídica demonstrou que os animais que receberam a dieta com 10% de polpa de manga apresentaram concentração de malondialdeído maior que os que receberam a dieta controle e polpa de manga 3%. De acordo com a histologia hepática não houve diferença entre os grupos. Portanto, os resultados obtidos neste trabalho indicam que a suplementação da dieta com 10% de polpa de manga Ubá liofilizada pode interferir sobre o fígado, uma vez que, além de aumentar a peroxidação lipídica mostrou uma tendência em elevar as enzimas relacionadas à integridade hepática em ratos Wistar saudáveis demonstrando possível efeito pró-oxidativo.


Antioxidants in fruits and vegetables contribute to the reduction of chronic diseases. The mango (Mangifera indica L.) stands out for being a source of ascorbic acid, carotenoids and phenolic compounds that have great potential antioxidant in the body. This study aimed to evaluate in healthy Wistar rats, the intake for 25 days, of diets with 3% and 10% lyophilized pulp of mango Ubá in serum biochemical parameters, in markers of liver injury (aminotransferases and malondialdehyde) and in morphology of the liver. The serum biochemical parameters were obtained by colorimetric kits. Malondialdehyde analysis was performed using the test of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Liver morphology was analyzed from sections of tissue embedded in paraffin, stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The results showed that the ingestion of diet containing 3 and 10% of mango pulp did not affect the biochemical parameters. The analysis of lipid peroxidation marker demonstrated that the animals that received the diet with 10% of mango pulp showed concentration of malondialdehyde higher than those who received the control diet and mango pulp 3%. According to liver histology there was no significant difference between the different groups. Therefore, the results obtained in this study indicate that supplementation of the diet with 10% mango pulp lyophilized Uba can interfere with the liver, since, besides increasing lipid peroxidation showed a tendency to elevate liver enzymes related to integrity in healthy Wistar rats showing possible pro-oxidative effect.


Subject(s)
Lipid Peroxidation , Mangifera , Transaminases , Antioxidants
17.
Rev. cuba. plantas med ; 17(2): 125-133, abr.-jun. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-629695

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el extracto acuoso seco que se obtiene a partir de la decocción de la corteza de algunas variedades de Mangifera indica L. es el principio activo de las formulaciones del Vimang®. Este producto de origen natural posee actividad antioxidante, antiinflamatoria, antimicrobiana, espasmolítica, analgésica y antipirética; su componente principal es mangiferina una xantona con varias actividades biológicas reportadas, por lo cual se seleccionó como marcador químico para llevar a cabo los estudios de estabilidad de la corteza y el control de calidad de las formulaciones desarrolladas del extracto de la corteza del árbol del mango, el cual se utiliza en Cuba como suplemento nutricional antioxidante para el tratamiento de diversas enfermedades crónicas. Objetivo: estudiar la influencia sobre las propiedades físico-químicas, microbiológicas y el contenido de mangiferina en la materia prima vegetal, de las condiciones de almacenamiento propuestas para la corteza de Mangifera indica L.Métodos: la corteza se trituró y envasó en bolsas de polietileno y fue almacenada durante 70 d con 2 condiciones de almacenamiento a temperatura 22 ± 1 °C y humedad relativa 55 ± 5por ciento. A la corteza se le determinó la presencia y el conteo total de microorganismos. A los extractos acuosos preparados con la corteza el pH, contenido de sólidos totales y mangiferina; este último por cromatografía líquida de alta resolución. Resultados: en la corteza se observó un rápido crecimiento microbiano y la presencia de microorganismos indeseables desde el inicio mismo del estudio. A los 31 d de almacenamiento en condiciones de temperatura y humedad se observó la aparición de Pseudomonas aeruginosa, un microorganismo patógeno. El contenido de sólidos totales y mangiferina en los extractos no varió significativamente durante el estudio, lo cual indica la ausencia de degradación química de los componentes de la corteza...


Introduction: the dry aqueous extract from the decoction of the bark of some selected Mangifera indica L. varieties is the active principle of some Vimang® formulations. This natural extract was reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, spasmolytic, analgesic and antipyretic properties. The main component is mangiferin, a xanthone c-glycosilated, with several reported biological actions. For this reason, mangiferin was chosen as chemical marker for the study of the chemical stability, and the quality control of the different formulations of mango tree bark, commercially used as antioxidant nutritional supplement to treat several chronic diseases. Objective: to study the influence of the suggested storage conditions for Mangifera indica L. bark on the physical, chemical and microbiological properties and the content of mangiferina in the vegeral raw material. Methods: the fresh bark material of Mangifera indica L was grounded and stored in polyethylene bags during 70 days under two storage conditions at 22 ± 1°C and 55 ± 5 percent relative humidity. Presence and total counting of micro-organisms was determined in the bark, whereas the pH value and the content of total solids and mangiferin were identified in the aqueous extract. The mangiferin was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. Results: there were observed rapid microbial growth and presence of unwanted micro-organisms from the beginning of the study. After 31 day-storage under specified temperature and humidity conditions, a pathogenic micro-organism called Pseudomonas aeruginosa emerged. The content of total solids and mangiferin in the aqueous extract did not significantly change during the study, which indicated the lack of chemical degradation in these components. The pH value of the aqueous extract decreased as a result of the emergence of fungi in the bark...


Subject(s)
Drug Stability , Mangifera/analysis , Plant Bark
18.
Ciênc. rural ; 42(2): 213-220, fev. 2012. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-618092

ABSTRACT

Mangas 'Ubá' fisiologicamente maduras foram tratadas com etileno ou carbureto de cálcio (CaC2) visando à antecipação e à uniformização do amadurecimento. Frutos com massa média de 133,8±1,9g foram expostos às doses de 0, 20, 40, 80 e 160g de CaC2 m-3 de câmara ou 0, 50, 100, 200 e 400mL de etileno m-3 de câmara durante 24h, em câmaras a 18,1±0,7°C e 90±3 por cento de UR. Após o tratamento, os frutos permaneceram sob as mesmas condições de temperatura e UR, e foram avaliados aos 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 e 15 dias de armazenamento. O etileno e o CaC2 acentuaram a perda de massa das mangas. Nos frutos tratados com CaC2, o pico climatérico respiratório ocorreu aos 3, 6, 9, 9 e 12 dias de armazenamento para as doses 160, 80, 40, 20 e 0g/m³, respectivamente. Nos frutos tratados com etileno, este pico foi registrado aos 3, 3, 6, 6 e 12 dias de armazenamento para as doses 400, 200, 100, 50 e 0mL m-3, respectivamente. Todas as doses de CaC2 e de etileno aceleraram a perda de firmeza, o aumento do teor de sólidos solúveis e de carotenóides, a redução da acidez e a mudança de cor da casca e da polpa dos frutos. Por outro lado, esses produtos também acentuaram a perda de eletrólitos celulares e de ácido ascórbico. Nos frutos tratados com etileno, a queda da firmeza foi mais brusca em relação aos tratados com CaC2. No entanto, o extravasamento de solutos foi maior para frutos tratados com CaC2. O aumento no teor de sólidos solúveis foi proporcional ao aumento das doses de CaC2 e de etileno. Doses de 20g de CaC2 e 50mL de etileno por m³ de câmara foram suficientes para antecipar e uniformizar o amadurecimento de manga 'Ubá'.


Physiologically mature 'Ubá' mangoes were treated with ethylene or calcium carbide (CaC2) aiming to accelerate and standardize fruit ripening. Fruits with mean weight of 133.8±1.9g were treated with concentrations of 0, 20, 40, 80 and 160g CaC2 chamber m-3 and 0, 50, 100, 200 and 400mL of ethylene/chamber m³, in chambers at 18.1±0.7°C and 90±3 percent RH, for 24h. After the treatment, the fruits were kept under the same conditions of temperature and RH, and were evaluated at 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 days of storage. Ethylene and CaC2 increased mass loss of the fruits. Mangoes treated with CaC2 showed the respiratory climacteric peak at 3, 6, 9, 9 and 12 days of storage for the concentrations 160, 80, 40, 20 and 0g m-3, respectively. Fruits treated with ethylene showed the peak at 3, 3, 6, 6 and 12 days of storage for the concentrations 400, 200, 100, 50 and 0mL m-3, respectively. All concentrations of CaC2 and ethylene accelerated the loss of firmness, the increase of soluble solids and carotenoids, the reduction of acidity and the change in color of skin and pulp. However, these products also increased electrolyte leakage and decreased ascorbic acid content. Fruits treated with ethylene showed sharper firmness loss compared with fruits treated with CaC2. On the other hand, solute leakage was higher in fruits treated with CaC2. Soluble solids content increased with increasing concentrations of CaC2 and ethylene. The concentrations of 20g of CaC2 and 50mL of ethylene per chamber m³ were sufficient to accelerate and uniformize ripening of 'Ubá' mango.

19.
Rev. bras. farmacogn ; 21(6): 1111-1117, Nov.-Dec. 2011. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-602281

ABSTRACT

It has been accepted that neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and glial activation are involved in the central sensitization underlying neuropathic and inflammatory pain. Vimang® is the brand name of an aqueous extract of Mangifera indica L., Anacardiaceae, traditionally used in Cuba for its antioxidant, antiinflammatory, analgesic, and immunomodulatory properties. In the present study, we determined the possible effects of Vimang formulations in acute herpes zoster (n=12) patients, that received a daily dose of 1800 mg of extract (two coated Vimang tablets, 300 mg each, three times daily before meals) associated to low doses of amitriptyline (10-25 mg/d). In addition to the tablets, they utilized compresses containing Vimang dissolution at 2 percent on skin lesions for thirty days. The average daily pain score using a Likert scale and variations in concomitant drug daily dosage were determined. The analgesic effect was observed from week 1 (p<0.001) with respect to baseline data and none showed post-herpetic neuralgia. Significant reduction of antidepressant medication (p<0.01) and analgesic rescue dosages (p=0.0035) with respect to the initial daily dosage were showed. No adverse events were reported. The results obtained in this report of cases suggest that Vimang supplementation might be beneficial to prevent and treat neuropathic pain.

20.
Ciênc. rural ; 41(12): 2210-2216, Dec. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-608060

ABSTRACT

The present paper analyses the effects of water activity (0.88, 0.94 and 0.97) and of fermentation time (24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours) on the kinetic activity of enzymes cellulolytic, produced during the solid state fermentation of waste from the improvement of mango, with the aid of fungus species Aspergillus niger. Solid state fermentation was carried out at 35°C inside a bacteriological incubator. The statistical results indicated that the best activity for enzyme CMCase was 7.26U g-1 after 74.51 hours of fermentation, whereas for enzyme FPase was 2.55U g-1 after 98.52 hours, both presenting best results in approximately 0.928 of water activity. Pareto charts have showed that fermentation time has greater effect over the activity of enzyme CMCase, while the water activity variable has greater effect over enzyme FPase activity. During fermentation the fungus synthesized the enzymes without the need of inductors other than mango residue and water.


Neste trabalho, foram analisados o efeito da atividade de água (0,88, 0,94 e 0,97) e do tempo de fermentação (24, 48, 72, 96 e 120 horas) sobre a atividade cinética das enzimas celulolíticas, produzidas durante a fermentação em estado sólido do resíduo do beneficiamento de manga com a utilização da espécie fúngica Aspergillus niger. A fermentação em estado sólido foi realizada a 35oC em estufa bacteriológica. Os resultados estatísticos indicaram que a melhor atividade para a enzima CMCase foi de 7,26U g-1 após 74,51 horas de fermentação, enquanto que para a enzima FPase esse valor foi de 2,55U g-1. Após 98,52 horas, através dos resultados obtidos pela aplicação da metodologia de superfície de resposta, ambas as enzimas apresentaram melhores resultados em aproximadamente 0,928 de atividade de água. Nos gráficos de Pareto, observamos que o tempo de fermentação tem maior efeito sobre a atividade da enzima CMCase, enquanto que a variável atividade de água exerce maior efeito sobre a atividade da enzima FPase. Durante a fermentação, o fungo secretou as enzimas sem a necessidade de qualquer indutor além do resíduo de manga e água.

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